{"id":135,"date":"2012-07-24T14:33:04","date_gmt":"2012-07-24T12:33:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/?p=135"},"modified":"2012-07-25T13:55:31","modified_gmt":"2012-07-25T11:55:31","slug":"beghinele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/beghinele\/","title":{"rendered":"Beghinele"},"content":{"rendered":"

Multi dintre dumneavoastra nu au auzit niciodata acest cuvant.
\nEi bine, este vorba de un grup de femei cu o vocatie spirituala exceptionala si care au avut un moment special de maretie, frumusete si iubire in practica lor crestina.
\nTotusi, de\u0219i cre\u0219tine, beghinele nu erau ortodoxe, dar le pomenim pentru sacrificiul lor deosebit pentru credin\u021b\u0103.
\n<\/strong>
\nDemersul lor era caracterizat de faptul ca nu realizau toate juramintele uzuale deoarece doreau sa fie practicanti vii in mijlocul vietii ajutand de acolo societatea.<\/p>\n

Ceea ce este interesant de observat este faptul ca atunci cand un curent spiritual are sanse sa fie autentic si sa schimbe perspectiva spirituala a oamenilor, atunci societatea reactioneaza violent, prin puternicii zilei.<\/p>\n

In cazul beghinelor, chiar foarte violent.<\/p>\n

Originea cuv\u00e2ntului \u201cbeghin\u0103\u201d este obscur\u0103: s-ar fi format plec\u00e2nd de la termenul \u201cbegard\u201d, cu sensul de membru al unei comunit\u0103\u0163i religioase ce nu spuneau jur\u0103mintele, care ar proveni, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, din termenul olandez vechi beggaert, \u201d c\u0103lug\u0103r-cer\u015fetor\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n\u00cen dic\u0163ionarul italian , termenul desemneaz\u0103 \u201d femeie apar\u0163in\u00eend unei mi\u015fc\u0103ri spirituale de caritate, din secolul al XII-lea, ce exista in Belgia \u015fi Olanda, organizat\u0103 \u00een comunit\u0103\u0163i.<\/p>\n

Primele beghine erau laice care duceau, individual, o via\u0163\u0103 de rug\u0103ciune, de renun\u0163are \u015fi de austeritate \u015fi se dedicau unor acte de caritate curajoase, cum ar fi acela de a se \u00eengriji de lepro\u015fi. Atunci s-au elaborat noi forme de devo\u0163iune printre laice , despre care protectorul lor, prelatul de Li\u00e8ge, Lambert le B\u00e8gue ( mort \u00een 1177) scria : \u201d Ascultau cu cea mai mare aviditate Cuv\u00e2ntul lui Dumnezeu \u015fi \u00eel puneau \u00een practic\u0103 particip\u00e2nd cu compasiune la jertfa de trup \u015fi de s\u00e2nge a Domnului nostru. Li se p\u0103rea atunci c\u0103 Dumnezeu dinUnivers suferea din nou dureroasele-i Patimi, dup\u0103 cum stau m\u0103rturie gemetele lor, rev\u0103rs\u0103rile lor de gra\u0163ie \u015fi compasiune.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beghinajele \u2013 sate fortificate aflate chiar \u00een inima ora\u015felor, au fost create pentru a ad\u0103posti \u015fi proteja aceste femei, deoarece ele r\u0103m\u00e2neau suspecte \u00een ochii Bisericii care, \u00een pofida piet\u0103\u0163ii lor \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rate, nu admitea ca ele s\u0103 nu pronun\u0163e jur\u0103mintele definitive, ci doar pe cele temporare \u2013 \u00eentre care cel de castitate, ca ele s\u0103-\u015fi poat\u0103 p\u0103stra bunurile \u015fi s\u0103 se poat\u0103 \u00eentoarce \u00een mijlocul societ\u0103\u0163ii oric\u00e2nd doreau aceasta. Printre ele erau fecioare, v\u0103duve, femei c\u0103s\u0103torite \u015fi abstinente. In aceste beghinaje, dup\u0103 ce-\u015fi f\u0103ceau ucenicia doi ani \u00eentr-o m\u00e2n\u0103stire, beghinele tr\u0103iau \u00een c\u0103su\u0163e particulare, dedic\u00e2ndu-\u015fi via\u0163a operelor de binefacere \u00een infirmeriile \u015fi \u015fcolile lor, sub autoritatea uneia dintre ele , \u201d marea domni\u015foar\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n

Marie d\u2019Oignies (1178-1213) \u2013 una dintre primele femei ale grupului, fusese m\u0103ritat\u0103 \u00eempotriva voin\u0163ei ei, de la v\u00e2rsta de 14 ani, dar ob\u0163inuse de la so\u0163ul ei ca el s\u0103 adopte o \u201cvia\u0163\u0103 cast\u0103 \u015fi cu adev\u0103rat angelic\u0103\u201d \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi \u00eempart\u0103 bunurile s\u0103racilor. Ea a \u00eentemeiat o leprozerie unde s-a retras \u00eempreun\u0103 cu so\u0163ul s\u0103u \u015fi, timp de 15 ani, s-a dedicat cu trup \u015fi suflet \u00eengrijirii bolnavilor, cu o \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rare extraordinar\u0103. \u00cencurcat\u0103 , totu\u015fi, de vizitele credincio\u015filor, Marie s-a retras la o st\u0103re\u0163ie, unde a mutir \u00een 1213.
\nBiografia sa , scris\u0103 de Jacques de Vitry (1170-1240), devenit ulterior cardinal-episcop la Roma, detaliaz\u0103 incredibilele autoflagel\u0103ri la care se supunea ca peniten\u0163\u0103, conforme cu suferin\u0163ele lui Iisus Hristos, \u015fi pe care Vitry \u00eensu\u015fi le considera uneori excesive, dar \u015fi viziunile \u015fi transele ei extatice, subliniind senin\u0103tatea \u015fi veselia Mariei. De\u015fi exemplar, cazul ei nu a fost unic, devo\u0163iunea pentru Hristos fiind r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 la acea vreme , mai ales printre femei.<\/p>\n

Hadewijch de Anvers, ce a tr\u0103it \u00een prima jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIII-lea, afost cunoscut\u0103 doar prin intermediul viziunilor, poemelor \u015fi scrisorilor sale. Extazele sale coincideau cel mai adesea cu s\u0103rb\u0103torile liturgice.
\n\u201d \u2026\u00eentr-o zi de Rusalii, \u00een zori, pe c\u00e2nd c\u00e2ntam diminea\u0163a la biseric\u0103, […] am sim\u0163it o dragoste at\u00e2t de tare, c\u0103 \u00eemi p\u0103rea c\u0103 mor de patim\u0103 […], c\u0103 violen\u0163a ei avea s\u0103 m\u0103 omoare, c\u0103 muream de iubire.\u201d
\nCompar\u0103 ceea ce resimte cu o sarcin\u0103 dureroas\u0103 , sim\u0163indu-se \u201c\u00eenghi\u0163it\u0103 de Dumnezeu\u201d.Totu\u015fi, cunoa\u015fterea ob\u0163inut\u0103 atunci \u00eei pare imperfect\u0103, pl\u00e2ng\u00e2ndu-se de \u201cprezen\u0163a absen\u0163ei\u201d, de faptul c\u0103 Dumnezeu nu poate fi cuprins \u00een totalitate \u015fi mereu \u00een propria fiin\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

Beatrice de Nazareth , o alt\u0103 vizionar\u0103 extatic\u0103, n\u0103scut\u0103 la Tienen (cca 1200 \u2013 1268) , format\u0103 de beghine , \u00een opera sa, \u201cM\u0103n\u0103stirea spiritual\u0103\u201d \u2013 ilustreaz\u0103 prezen\u0163a vie a divinit\u0103\u0163ii \u00een str\u0103fundurile fiin\u0163ei umane, principiu al zeific\u0103rii sale. Sarcina fiec\u0103rui om este , deci, aceea de a-\u015fi reg\u0103si starea divin\u0103 originar\u0103 prin amplificarea aspira\u0163iei spirituale pentru ca fiin\u0163a s\u0103 se men\u0163in\u0103 \u201d \u00een aceast\u0103 puritate, \u00een aceast\u0103 libertate \u015fi noble\u0163e \u00een care a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de Creatorul s\u0103u, dup\u0103 chipul \u015fi asem\u0103narea Lui.\u201d<\/p>\n

Marguerite Por\u00e8te ( cca 1250 \u2013 1310) \u2013 a fost una din beghinele persecutate la \u00eenceputul secolului al XVI-lea . Lucrarea sa, \u201cOglinda sufletelor simple \u015fi distruse\u201d a st\u00e2rnit v\u00e2lv\u0103, \u00een pofida precau\u0163iilor luate de autoare. \u00cen 1300, episcopul de Cambrai a ordonat arderea lucr\u0103rii \u00een pia\u0163a public\u0103 \u015fi a somat-o pe autoare, desemnat\u0103 drept beghin\u0103, s\u0103 \u00eenceteze a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi o astfel de doctrin\u0103, sub amenin\u0163area de a fi declarat\u0103 eretic\u0103 \u015fi tratat\u0103 ca atare. Marguerite, \u00eens\u0103, a comis impruden\u0163a de a trimite copii dup\u0103 cartea sa unor teologi. Citat\u0103 \u00een fa\u0163a Inchizi\u0163iei din Paris \u00een 1307 , ea a refuzat s\u0103 fac\u0103 jur\u0103mintele, ceea ce a atras prezum\u0163ia de erezie. Declarat\u0103 lep\u0103dat\u0103 de credin\u0163\u0103, ea a fost ars\u0103 pe rug la 1 iunie 1310, \u00een Place de Gr\u00e8ve, unde atitudinea ei nobil\u0103 \u015fi devo\u0163iunea de nezguduit au mi\u015fcat publicul p\u00e2n\u0103 la lacrimi.<\/p>\n

\u00cen anii urm\u0103tori, beghinile \u015fi beghinarzii , trata\u0163i acum drept eretici de c\u0103tre Inchizi\u0163ie, au fost v\u00e2na\u0163i f\u0103r\u0103 mil\u0103.<\/p>\n

redactat de
\n\"loredanaplesu.jpg\"<\/a>
\nLoredana Plesu
\nSocietatea Academica AdAnima
\npentru Transformare si Cunoastere de Sine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Multi dintre dumneavoastra nu au auzit niciodata acest cuvant. Ei bine, este vorba de un grup de femei cu o vocatie spirituala exceptionala si care au avut un moment special de maretie, frumusete si iubire in practica lor crestina. Demersul lor era caracterizat de faptul ca nu realizau toate juramintele uzuale deoarece doreau sa fie practicanti vii in mijlocul vietii ajutand de acolo societatea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284,"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions\/284"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isihasm.ro\/ortodox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}